108th CONGRESS
2d Session
S. 2311
To provide for various energy efficiency programs and tax incentives,
and for other purposes.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
April 8, 2004
Ms. SNOWE (for herself, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Mr. BINGAMAN, and Ms. CANTWELL) introduced
the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on
Finance
A BILL
To provide for various energy efficiency programs and tax incentives,
and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) SHORT TITLE- This Act may be cited as the `Efficient Energy Through Certified
Technologies and Electricity Reliability (EFFECTER) Act of 2004'.
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS- The table of contents of this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
TITLE I--TAX INCENTIVES
Sec. 101. Energy efficient commercial buildings deduction.
Sec. 102. Credit for construction of new energy efficient homes.
Sec. 103. Incentive for certain energy efficient property used in business.
Sec. 104. Credit for certain nonbusiness energy property.
Sec. 105. Energy credit for combined heat and power system property.
Sec. 106. Credit for energy efficient appliances.
TITLE II--ENERGY EFFICIENT PRODUCTS
Sec. 201. Energy conservation standards for additional products.
Sec. 202. Energy labeling.
TITLE III--ENERGY EFFICIENCY FEDERAL PROGRAMS
Sec. 301. Procurement of energy efficient products.
Sec. 302. Energy savings performance contracts.
Sec. 303. Federal building performance standards.
TITLE IV--PUBLIC HOUSING
Sec. 401. Public Housing Capital Fund.
Sec. 402. Grants for energy-conserving improvements for assisted housing.
Sec. 403. Energy-efficient appliances.
Sec. 404. Energy efficiency standards.
TITLE V--RELIABILITY STANDARDS
Sec. 501. Electric reliability standards.
TITLE I--TAX INCENTIVES
SEC. 101. ENERGY EFFICIENT COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS DEDUCTION.
(a) IN GENERAL- Part VI of subchapter B of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986 (relating to itemized deductions for individuals and corporations)
is amended by inserting after section 179A the following new section:
`SEC. 179B. ENERGY EFFICIENT COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS DEDUCTION.
`(a) IN GENERAL- There shall be allowed as a deduction an amount equal to
the cost of energy efficient commercial building property placed in service
during the taxable year.
`(b) MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF DEDUCTION- The deduction under subsection (a) with
respect to any building for the taxable year and all prior taxable years shall
not exceed an amount equal to the product of--
`(2) the square footage of the building.
`(c) DEFINITIONS- For purposes of this section--
`(1) ENERGY EFFICIENT COMMERCIAL BUILDING PROPERTY- The term `energy efficient
commercial building property' means property--
`(A) which is installed on or in any building located in the United States,
`(B) which is installed as part of--
`(i) the lighting systems,
`(ii) the heating, cooling, ventilation, and hot water systems, or
`(iii) the building envelope, and
`(C) which is certified in accordance with subsection (d)(4) as being
installed as part of a plan designed to reduce the total annual energy
and power costs with respect to the lighting systems, heating, cooling,
ventilation, and hot water systems of the building by 50 percent or more
in comparison to a reference building which meets the minimum requirements
of Standard 90.1-2001 using methods of calculation under subsection (d)(2).
A building described in subparagraph (A) may include any residential rental
property, including any low-rise multifamily structure or single family
housing property which is not within the scope of Standard 90.1-2001.
`(2) STANDARD 90.1-2001- The term `Standard 90.1-2001' means Standard 90.1-2001
of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning
Engineers and the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (as
in effect on April 2, 2003).
`(A) IN GENERAL- Except as provided in subsection (f), if--
`(i) the requirement of subsection (c)(1)(C) is not met, but
`(ii) there is a certification in accordance with subsection (d)(4)
that any system referred to in subsection (c)(1)(B) satisfies the energy-savings
targets established by the Secretary under subparagraph (B) with respect
to such system,
then the requirement of subsection (c)(1)(C) shall be treated as met with
respect to such system, and the deduction under subsection (a) shall be
allowed with respect to energy efficient commercial building property
installed as part of such system and as part of a plan to meet such targets,
except that subsection (b) shall be applied to such property by substituting
`$.75' for `$2.25'.
`(B) REGULATIONS- The Secretary, after consultation with the Secretary
of Energy, shall establish a target for each system described in subsection
(c)(1)(B) which, if such targets were met for all such systems, the building
would meet the requirements of subsection (c)(1)(C).
`(2) METHODS OF CALCULATION- The Secretary, after consultation with the
Secretary of Energy, shall promulgate regulations which describe in detail
methods for calculating and verifying energy and power consumption and cost,
based on the provisions of the 2005 California Nonresidential Alternative
Calculation Method Approval Manual or, in the case of residential property,
the 2005 California Residential Alternative Calculation Method Approval
Manual. These regulations shall meet the following requirements:
`(A) In calculating tradeoffs and energy performance, the regulations
shall prescribe the costs per unit of energy and power, such as kilowatt
hour, kilowatt, gallon of fuel oil, and cubic foot or Btu of natural gas,
which may be dependent on time of usage. If a State has developed annual
energy usage and cost reduction procedures based on time of usage costs
for use in the performance standards of the State's building energy code
before the effective date of this section, the State may use those annual
energy usage and cost reduction procedures in lieu of those adopted by
the Secretary.
`(B) The calculation methods under this paragraph need not comply fully
with section 11 of Standard 90.1-2001.
`(C) The calculation methods shall be fuel neutral, such that the same
energy efficiency features shall qualify a building for the deduction
under this section regardless of whether the heating source is a gas or
oil furnace or an electric heat pump. The reference building for a proposed
design which employs electric resistance heating shall be modeled as using
a heat pump.
`(D) The calculation methods shall provide appropriate calculated energy
savings for design methods and technologies not otherwise credited in
either Standard 90.1-2001 or in the 2005 California Nonresidential Alternative
Calculation Method Approval Manual, including the following:
`(i) Natural ventilation.
`(ii) Evaporative cooling.
`(iii) Automatic lighting controls such as occupancy sensors, photocells,
and timeclocks.
`(v) Designs utilizing semi-conditioned spaces which maintain adequate
comfort conditions without air conditioning or without heating.
`(vi) Improved fan system efficiency, including reductions in static
pressure.
`(vii) Advanced unloading mechanisms for mechanical cooling, such as
multiple or variable speed compressors.
`(viii) The calculation methods may take into account the extent of
commissioning in the building, and allow the taxpayer to take into account
measured performance which exceeds typical performance.
`(ix) On-site generation of electricity, including combined heat and
power systems, fuel cells, and renewable energy generation such as solar
energy.
`(x) Wiring with lower energy losses than wiring satisfying Standard
90.1-2001 requirements for building power distribution systems.
`(A) IN GENERAL- Any calculation under paragraph (2) shall be prepared
by qualified computer software.
`(B) QUALIFIED COMPUTER SOFTWARE- For purposes of this paragraph, the
term `qualified computer software' means software--
`(i) for which the software designer has certified that the software
meets all procedures and detailed methods for calculating energy and
power consumption and costs as required by the Secretary,
`(ii) which provides such forms as required to be filed by the Secretary
in connection with energy efficiency of property and the deduction allowed
under this section, and
`(iii) which provides a notice form which documents the energy efficiency
features of the building and its projected annual energy costs.
`(4) ALLOCATION OF DEDUCTION FOR PUBLIC PROPERTY- In the case of energy
efficient commercial building property installed on or in public property,
the Secretary shall promulgate a regulation to allow the allocation of the
deduction to the person primarily responsible for designing the property
in lieu of the public entity which is the owner of such property. Such person
shall be treated as the taxpayer for purposes of this section.
`(5) NOTICE TO OWNER- Each certification required under this section shall
include an explanation to the building owner regarding the energy efficiency
features of the building and its projected annual energy costs as provided
in the notice under paragraph (3)(B)(iii).
`(A) IN GENERAL- The Secretary shall prescribe the manner and method for
the making of certifications under this section.
`(B) PROCEDURES- The Secretary shall include as part of the certification
process procedures for inspection and testing by qualified individuals
described in subparagraph (C) to ensure compliance of buildings with energy-savings
plans and targets. Such procedures shall be comparable, given the difference
between commercial and residential buildings, to the requirements in the
Mortgage Industry National Accreditation Procedures for Home Energy Rating
Systems.
`(C) QUALIFIED INDIVIDUALS- Individuals qualified to determine compliance
shall be only those individuals who are recognized by an organization
certified by the Secretary for such purposes.
`(e) BASIS REDUCTION- For purposes of this subtitle, if a deduction is allowed
under this section with respect to any energy efficient commercial building
property,
the basis of such property shall be reduced by the amount of the deduction
so allowed.
`(f) INTERIM RULES FOR LIGHTING SYSTEMS- Until such time as the Secretary
issues final regulations under subsection (d)(1)(B) with respect to property
which is part of a lighting system--
`(1) IN GENERAL- The lighting system target under subsection (d)(1)(A)(ii)
shall be a reduction in lighting power density of 25 percent (50 percent
in the case of a warehouse) of the minimum requirements in Table 9.3.1.1
or Table 9.3.1.2 (not including additional interior lighting power allowances)
of Standard 90.1-2001.
`(2) REDUCTION IN DEDUCTION IF REDUCTION LESS THAN 40 PERCENT-
`(A) IN GENERAL- If, with respect to the lighting system of any building
other than a warehouse, the reduction in lighting power density of the
lighting system is not at least 40 percent, only the applicable percentage
of the amount of deduction otherwise allowable under this section with
respect to such property shall be allowed.
`(B) APPLICABLE PERCENTAGE- For purposes of subparagraph (A), the applicable
percentage is the number of percentage points (not greater than 100) equal
to the sum of--
`(ii) the amount which bears the same ratio to 50 as the excess of the
reduction of lighting power density of the lighting system over 25 percentage
points bears to 15.
`(C) EXCEPTIONS- This subsection shall not apply to any system--
`(i) the controls and circuiting of which do not comply fully with the
mandatory and prescriptive requirements of Standard 90.1-2001 and which
do not include provision for bilevel switching in all occupancies except
hotel and motel guest rooms, store rooms, restrooms, and public lobbies,
or
`(ii) which does not meet the minimum requirements for calculated lighting
levels as set forth in the Illuminating Engineering Society of North
America Lighting Handbook, Performance and Application, Ninth Edition,
2000.
`(g) REGULATIONS- The Secretary shall promulgate such regulations as necessary--
`(1) to take into account new technologies regarding energy efficiency and
renewable energy for purposes of determining energy efficiency and savings
under this section, and
`(2) to provide for a recapture of the deduction allowed under this section
if the plan described in subsection (c)(1)(C) or (d)(1)(A) is not fully
implemented.
`(h) TERMINATION- This section shall not apply with respect to property placed
in service after December 31, 2009.'.
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS-
(1) Section 1016(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking
`and' at the end of paragraph (27), by striking the period at the end of
paragraph (28) and inserting `, and', and by adding at the end the following
new paragraph:
`(29) to the extent provided in section 179B(e).'.
(2) Section 1245(a) of such Code is amended by inserting `179B,' after `179A,'
both places it appears in paragraphs (2)(C) and (3)(C).
(3) Section 1250(b)(3) of such Code is amended by inserting before the period
at the end of the first sentence `or by section 179B'.
(4) Section 263(a)(1) of such Code is amended by striking `or' at the end
of subparagraph (G), by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (H)
and inserting `, or', and by inserting after subparagraph (H) the following
new subparagraph:
`(I) expenditures for which a deduction is allowed under section 179B.'.
(5) Section 312(k)(3)(B) of such Code is amended by striking `or 179A' each
place it appears in the heading and text and inserting `, 179A, or 179B'.
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENT- The table of sections for part VI of subchapter B
of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting
after section 179A the following new item:
`Sec. 179B. Energy efficient commercial buildings deduction.'.
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE- The amendments made by this section shall apply to property
placed in service after the date of the enactment of this Act in taxable years
ending after such date.
SEC. 102. CREDIT FOR CONSTRUCTION OF NEW ENERGY EFFICIENT HOMES.
(a) IN GENERAL- Subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to business related credits) is amended by
adding at the end the following new section:
`SEC. 45G. NEW ENERGY EFFICIENT HOME CREDIT.
`(a) IN GENERAL- For purposes of section 38, in the case of an eligible contractor
with respect to a qualified new energy efficient home, the credit determined
under this section for the taxable year with respect to such home is an amount
equal to the aggregate adjusted bases of all energy efficient property installed
in such home during construction of such home.
`(A) IN GENERAL- The credit allowed by this section with respect to a
dwelling unit shall not exceed--
`(i) in the case of a dwelling unit described in clause (i) or (iii)
of subsection (c)(3)(C), $1,000, and
`(ii) in the case of a dwelling unit described in subsection (c)(3)(C)(ii),
$2,000.
`(B) PRIOR CREDIT AMOUNTS ON SAME DWELLING UNIT TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT- If
a
credit was allowed under subsection (a) with respect to a dwelling unit in
1 or more prior taxable years, the amount of the credit otherwise allowable
for the taxable year with respect to such dwelling unit shall be reduced by
the sum of the credits allowed under subsection (a) with respect to the dwelling
unit for all prior taxable years.
`(2) COORDINATION WITH CERTAIN CREDITS- For purposes of this section--
`(A) the basis of any property referred to in subsection (a) shall be
reduced by that portion of the basis of any property which is attributable
to qualified rehabilitation expenditures (as defined in section 47(c)(2))
or to the energy percentage of energy property (as determined under section
48(a)), and
`(B) expenditures taken into account under section 47 or 48(a) shall not
be taken into account under this section.
`(c) DEFINITIONS- For purposes of this section--
`(1) ELIGIBLE CONTRACTOR- The term `eligible contractor' means--
`(A) the person who constructed the qualified new energy efficient home,
or
`(B) in the case of a qualified new energy efficient home which is a manufactured
home, the manufactured home producer of such home.
If more than 1 person is described in subparagraph (A) or (B) with respect
to any qualified new energy efficient home, such term means the person designated
as such by the owner of such home.
`(2) ENERGY EFFICIENT PROPERTY- The term `energy efficient property' means
any energy efficient building envelope component, and any energy efficient
heating or cooling equipment or system, which can, individually or in combination
with other components, result in a dwelling unit meeting the requirements
of this section.
`(3) QUALIFIED NEW ENERGY EFFICIENT HOME- The term `qualified new energy
efficient home' means a dwelling unit--
`(A) located in the United States,
`(B) the construction of which is substantially completed after December
31, 2003, and
`(i) certified to have a level of annual heating and cooling energy
consumption which is at least 30 percent below the annual level of heating
and cooling energy consumption of a comparable dwelling unit constructed
in accordance with the standards of chapter 4 of the 2003 International
Energy Conservation Code, as such Code (including supplements) is in
effect on the date of the enactment of this section, and for which the
heating and cooling equipment efficiencies correspond to the minimum
allowed under the regulations established by the Department of Energy
pursuant to the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 and
in effect at the time of construction, and to have building envelope
component improvements account for at least 1/3 of such 30 percent,
`(ii) certified to have a level of annual heating and cooling energy
consumption which is at least 50 percent below such annual level and
to have building envelope component improvements account for at least
1/5 of such 50 percent, or
`(iii) a manufactured home which--
`(I) conforms to Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety
Standards (section 3280 of title 24, Code of Federal Regulations),
and
`(II) meets the applicable standards required by the Administrator
of the Environmental Protection Agency under the Energy Star Labeled
Homes program.
`(4) CONSTRUCTION- The term `construction' includes substantial reconstruction
and rehabilitation.
`(5) ACQUIRE- The term `acquire' includes purchase and, in the case of reconstruction
and rehabilitation, such term includes a binding written contract for such
reconstruction or rehabilitation.
`(6) BUILDING ENVELOPE COMPONENT- The term `building envelope component'
means--
`(A) any insulation material or system which is specifically and primarily
designed to reduce the heat loss or gain of a dwelling unit when installed
in or on such dwelling unit,
`(B) exterior windows (including skylights),
`(D) any metal roof installed on a dwelling unit, but only if such roof
has appropriate pigmented coatings which--
`(i) are specifically and primarily designed to reduce the heat gain
of such dwelling unit, and
`(ii) meet the Energy Star program requirements.
`(1) METHOD OF CERTIFICATION- A certification described in subsection (c)(3)(C)
shall be determined in accordance with guidance prescribed by the Secretary,
after consultation with the Secretary of Energy. Such guidance shall specify
procedures and methods for calculating energy and cost savings.
`(2) FORM- A certification described in subsection (c)(3)(C) shall be made
in writing--
`(A) in a manner which specifies in readily verifiable fashion the energy
efficient building envelope components and energy efficient heating or
cooling equipment installed and their respective rated energy efficiency
performance, and
`(B) in the case of a qualified new energy efficient home which is a manufactured
home, accompanied by such documentation as required by the Administrator
of the Environmental Protection Agency under the Energy Star Labeled Homes
program.
`(e) BASIS ADJUSTMENT- For purposes of this subtitle, if a credit is determined
under this section for any expenditure with respect to any property, the increase
in the basis of such property which would (but for this subsection) result
from such expenditure shall be reduced by the amount of the credit so determined.
`(f) APPLICATION OF SECTION- Subsection (a) shall apply to qualified new energy
efficient homes acquired during the period beginning on January 1, 2004, and
ending on December 31, 2006.'.
(b) CREDIT MADE PART OF GENERAL BUSINESS CREDIT- Section 38(b) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to current year business credit) is amended
by striking `plus' at the end of paragraph (14), by striking the period at
the end of paragraph (15) and inserting `, plus', and by adding at the end
the following new paragraph:
`(16) the new energy efficient home credit determined under section 45G(a).'.
(c) BASIS ADJUSTMENT- Subsection (a) of section 1016 of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986, as amended
by section 101, is amended by striking `and' at the end of paragraph (28),
by striking the period at the end of paragraph (29) and inserting `, and',
and by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
`(30) to the extent provided in section 45G(e), in the case of amounts with
respect to which a credit has been allowed under section 45G.'.
(d) LIMITATION ON CARRYBACK- Section 39(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986 (relating to transition rules) is amended by adding at the end the following
new paragraph:
`(11) NO CARRYBACK OF NEW ENERGY EFFICIENT HOME CREDIT BEFORE EFFECTIVE
DATE- No portion of the unused business credit for any taxable year which
is attributable to the new energy efficient home credit determined under
section 45G(a) may be carried to a taxable year beginning before January
1, 2004.'.
(e) DEDUCTION FOR CERTAIN UNUSED BUSINESS CREDITS- Section 196(c) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 (defining qualified business credits) is amended by striking
`and' at the end of paragraph (10), by striking the period at the end of paragraph
(11) and inserting `, and', and by adding after paragraph (11) the following
new paragraph:
`(12) the new energy efficient home credit determined under section 45G(a).'.
(f) CLERICAL AMENDMENT- The table of sections for subpart D of part IV of
subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended
by adding at the end the following new item:
`Sec. 45G. New energy efficient home credit.'.
(g) EFFECTIVE DATE- The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable
years ending after December 31, 2003.
SEC. 103. INCENTIVE FOR CERTAIN ENERGY EFFICIENT PROPERTY USED IN BUSINESS.
(a) IN GENERAL- Part VI of subchapter B of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new section:
`SEC. 199. ENERGY PROPERTY DEDUCTION.
`(a) IN GENERAL- There shall be allowed as a deduction for the taxable year
an amount equal to the sum of--
`(1) the amount determined under subsection (b) for each energy property
of the taxpayer placed in service during such taxable year, and
`(2) the energy efficient residential rental building property deduction
determined under subsection (e).
`(b) AMOUNT FOR ENERGY PROPERTY-
`(1) IN GENERAL- The amount determined under this subsection for the taxable
year for each item of energy property shall equal the amount specified for
such property in the following table:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Description of property: Allowable amount is:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Elected solar hot water property $1.00 per each kwh/year of savings.
Photovoltaic property $4.50 per peak watt.
Advanced main air circulating fan or a Tier 1 natural gas, propane, or oil water heater $150.
Tier 2 energy-efficient building property $900.
Tier 1 energy-efficient building property (other than an advanced main air circulating fan or a natural gas, propane, or oil water heater) $450.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`(2) ELECTED SOLAR HOT WATER PROPERTY- In the case of elected solar hot
water property, the taxpayer may elect to substitute `$21 per annual Therm
of natural gas savings' for `$1.00 per each kwh/year of savings' in the
table contained in paragraph (1).
`(c) ENERGY PROPERTY DEFINED-
`(1) IN GENERAL- For purposes of this part, the term `energy property' means
any property--
`(i) solar energy property,
`(ii) Tier 2 energy-efficient building property, or
`(iii) Tier 1 energy-efficient building property,
`(B)(i) the construction, reconstruction, or erection of which is completed
by the taxpayer, or
`(ii) which is acquired by the taxpayer if the original use of such property
commences with the taxpayer,
`(C) with respect to which depreciation (or amortization in lieu of depreciation)
is allowable, and
`(D) which meets the performance and quality standards, and the certification
requirements (if any), which--
`(i) have been prescribed by the Secretary by regulations (after consultation
with the Secretary of Energy or the Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency, as appropriate),
`(ii) in the case of the energy efficiency ratio (EER) for central air
conditioners and electric heat pumps--
`(I) require measurements to be based on published data which is tested
by manufacturers at 95 degrees Fahrenheit, and
`(II) do not require ratings to be based on certified data of the
Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute,
`(iii) in the case of geothermal heat pumps--
`(I) shall be based on testing under the conditions of ARI/ISO Standard
13256-1 for Water Source Heat Pumps or ARI 870 for Direct Expansion
GeoExchange Heat Pumps (DX), as appropriate, and
`(II) shall include evidence that water heating services have been
provided through a desuperheater or integrated water heating system
connected to the storage water heater tank, and
`(iv) are in effect at the time of the acquisition of the property.
`(2) SOLAR ENERGY PROPERTY- In the case of--
`(A) elected solar hot water property, the regulations under paragraph
(1)(D) shall be based on the OG-300 Standard for the Annual
Performance of OG-300 Certified Systems of the Solar Rating and Certification
Corporation, and
`(B) photovoltaics, such regulations shall be based on the ASTM Standard
E 1036 and E 1036M-96 Standard Test Method for Electric Performance of
Nonconcentrator Terrestrial Photovoltaic Modules and Arrays Using Reference
Cells,
to the extent the Secretary determines such standards carry out the purposes
of this section.
`(3) EXCEPTION- Such term shall not include any property which is public
utility property (as defined in section 46(f)(5) as in effect on the day
before the date of the enactment of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990).
`(d) DEFINITIONS RELATING TO TYPES OF ENERGY PROPERTY- For purposes of this
section--
`(1) SOLAR ENERGY PROPERTY-
`(A) IN GENERAL- The term `solar energy property' means equipment which
uses solar energy--
`(i) to generate electricity, or
`(ii) to provide hot water for use in a structure.
`(B) ELECTED SOLAR HOT WATER PROPERTY-
`(i) IN GENERAL- The term `elected solar hot water property' means property
which is solar energy property by reason of subparagraph (A)(ii) and
for which an election under this subparagraph is in effect.
`(ii) ELECTION- For purposes of clause (i), a taxpayer may elect to
treat property described in clause (i) as elected solar hot water property.
`(C) PHOTOVOLTAIC PROPERTY- The term `photovoltaic property' means solar
energy property which uses a solar photovoltaic process to generate electricity.
`(D) SWIMMING POOLS, ETC., USED AS STORAGE MEDIUM- The term `solar energy
property' shall not include a swimming pool, hot tub, or any other energy
storage medium which has a function other than the function of such storage.
`(E) SOLAR PANELS- No solar panel or other property installed as a roof
(or portion thereof) shall fail to be treated as solar energy property
solely because it constitutes a structural component of the structure
on which it is installed.
`(2) TIER 2 ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING PROPERTY- The term `Tier 2 energy-efficient
building property' means--
`(A) an electric heat pump water heater which yields an energy factor
of at least 2.0 in the standard Department of Energy test procedure,
`(B) an electric heat pump which has a heating seasonal performance factor
(HSPF) of at least 9, a seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) of at
least 15, and an energy efficiency ratio (EER) of at least 12.5,
`(C) a geothermal heat pump which--
`(i) in the case of a closed loop product, has an energy efficiency
ratio (EER) of at least 14.1 and a heating coefficient of performance
(COP) of at least 3.3,
`(ii) in the case of an open loop product, has an energy efficiency
ratio (EER) of at least 16.2 and a heating coefficient of performance
(COP) of at least 3.6, and
`(iii) in the case of a direct expansion (DX) product, has an energy
efficiency ratio (EER) of at least 15 and a heating coefficient of performance
(COP) of at least 3.5,
`(D) a central air conditioner which has a seasonal energy efficiency
ratio (SEER) of at least 15 and an energy efficiency ratio (EER) of at
least 12.5, and
`(E) a natural gas, propane, or oil water heater which has an energy factor
of at least 0.80.
`(3) TIER 1 ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING PROPERTY- The term `Tier 1 energy-efficient
building property' means--
`(A) an electric heat pump which has a heating system performance factor
(HSPF) of at least 7.5, a cooling seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER)
of at least 13.5, and an energy efficiency ratio (EER) of at least 11.5,
`(B) a central air conditioner which has a cooling seasonal energy efficiency
ratio (SEER) of at least 13.5 and an energy efficiency ratio (EER) of
at least 11.5,
`(C) a natural gas, propane, or oil water heater which has an energy factor
of at least 0.65, and
`(D) an oil, natural gas, or propane furnace or hot water boiler which
achieves at least 95 percent annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE).
`(4) ADVANCED MAIN AIR CIRCULATING FAN- The term `advanced main air circulating
fan' means a fan used in a natural gas, propane, or oil furnace originally
placed in service by the taxpayer during the taxable year, including a fan
which uses a brushless permanent magnet motor or another type of motor which
achieves similar or higher efficiency at full and half speed, as determined
by the Secretary.
`(e) ENERGY EFFICIENT RESIDENTIAL RENTAL BUILDING PROPERTY DEDUCTION-
`(1) DEDUCTION ALLOWED- For purposes of subsection (a)--
`(A) IN GENERAL- The energy efficient residential rental building property
deduction determined under this subsection is an amount equal to energy
efficient residential rental building property expenditures made by a
taxpayer for the taxable year.
`(B) MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF DEDUCTION- The amount of energy efficient residential
rental building property expenditures taken into account under subparagraph
(A) with respect to each dwelling unit shall not exceed--
`(i) $6,000 in the case of a percentage reduction of 50 percent as determined
under paragraph (2)(B), and
`(ii) $12,000 times the percentage reduction in the case of a percentage
reduction of less than 50 percent as determined under paragraph (2)(B).
`(C) YEAR DEDUCTION ALLOWED- The deduction under subparagraph (A) shall
be allowed in the taxable year in which the construction, reconstruction,
erection, or rehabilitation of the property is completed.
`(2) ENERGY EFFICIENT RESIDENTIAL RENTAL BUILDING PROPERTY EXPENDITURES-
For purposes of this subsection--
`(A) IN GENERAL- The term `energy efficient residential rental building
property expenditures' means an amount paid or incurred
in connection with construction, reconstruction, erection, or rehabilitation
of energy efficient residential rental building property--
`(i) for which depreciation is allowable under section 167,
`(ii) which is located in the United States, and
`(iii) the construction, reconstruction, erection, or rehabilitation
of which is completed by the taxpayer.
Such term includes expenditures for labor costs properly allocable to
the onsite preparation, assembly, or original installation of the property.
`(B) ENERGY EFFICIENT RESIDENTIAL RENTAL BUILDING PROPERTY-
`(i) IN GENERAL- The term `energy efficient residential rental building
property' means any property which reduces total annual energy and power
costs with respect to heating and cooling of the building by a percentage
certified according to clause (ii).
`(I) IN GENERAL- For purposes of clause (i), energy usage and costs
shall be demonstrated by performance-based compliance.
`(II) PERFORMANCE-BASED COMPLIANCE- Performance-based compliance shall
be demonstrated by calculating the percent energy cost savings for
heating and cooling, as applicable, with respect to a dwelling unit
when compared to the original condition of the dwelling unit.
`(III) COMPUTER SOFTWARE- Computer software shall be used in support
of performance-based compliance under subclause (II) and such software
shall meet all of the procedures and methods for calculating energy
savings reductions which are promulgated by the Secretary of Energy.
Such regulations on the specifications for software and verification
protocols shall be based on the 2005 California Residential Alternative
Calculation Method Approval Manual.
`(IV) CALCULATION REQUIREMENTS- In calculating tradeoffs and energy
performance, the regulations prescribed under this clause shall prescribe
for the taxable year the costs per unit of energy and power, such
as kilowatt hour, kilowatt, gallon of fuel oil, and cubic foot or
Btu of natural gas, which may be dependent on time of usage. Where
a State has developed annual energy usage and cost reduction procedures
based on time of usage costs for use in the performance standards
of the State's building energy code prior to the effective date of
this section, the State may use those annual energy usage and cost
reduction procedures in lieu of those adopted by the Secretary.
`(V) APPROVAL OF SOFTWARE SUBMISSIONS- The Secretary shall approve
software submissions which comply with the requirements of subclause
(III).
`(VI) PROCEDURES FOR INSPECTION AND TESTING OF HOMES- The Secretary
shall ensure that procedures for the inspection and testing for compliance
comply with the calculation requirements under subclause (IV) of this
clause and clause (iv).
`(iii) DETERMINATIONS OF COMPLIANCE- A determination of compliance with
respect to energy efficient residential rental building property made
for the purposes of this subparagraph shall be filed with the Secretary
not later than 1 year after the date of such determination and shall
include the TIN of the certifier, the address of the building in compliance,
and the identity of the person for whom such determination was performed.
Determinations of compliance filed with the Secretary shall be available
for inspection by the Secretary of Energy.
`(I) IN GENERAL- The Secretary, after consultation with the Secretary
of Energy, shall establish requirements for certification and compliance
procedures after examining the requirements for energy consultants
and home energy ratings providers specified by the Mortgage Industry
National Home Energy Rating Standards.
`(II) INDIVIDUALS QUALIFIED TO DETERMINE COMPLIANCE- The determination
of compliance may be provided by a local building regulatory authority,
a utility, a manufactured home production inspection primary inspection
agency (IPIA), or an accredited home energy rating system provider.
All providers shall be accredited, or otherwise authorized to use
approved energy performance measurement methods, by the Residential
Energy Services Network (RESNET).
`(C) ALLOCATION OF DEDUCTION FOR PUBLIC PROPERTY- In the case of energy
efficient residential rental building property which is public property,
the Secretary shall promulgate a regulation to allow the allocation of
the deduction to the person primarily responsible for designing the improvements
to the property in lieu of the public entity which is the owner of such
property. Such person shall be treated as the taxpayer for purposes of
this subsection.
`(f) SPECIAL RULES- For purposes of this section--
`(1) BASIS REDUCTION- For purposes of this subtitle, if a deduction is allowed
under this section with respect to any property, the basis of such property
shall be reduced by the amount of the deduction so allowed.
`(2) DOUBLE BENEFIT- Property which would, but for this paragraph, be eligible
for deduction under more than one provision of this section shall be eligible
only under one such provision, the provision specified by the taxpayer.
`(g) REGULATIONS- The Secretary shall promulgate such regulations as necessary
to take into account new technologies regarding energy efficiency and renewable
energy for purposes of determining energy efficiency and savings under this
section.
`(h) TERMINATION- This section shall not apply with respect to--
`(1) any energy property placed in service after December 31, 2008 (December
31, 2005, in the case of Tier 1 energy-efficient building property), and
`(2) any energy efficient residential rental building property expenditures
in connection with property--
`(A) placed in service after December 31, 2007, or
`(B) the construction, reconstruction, erection, or rehabilitation of
which is not completed on or before December 31, 2007.'.
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS-
(1) Section 48(a)(3)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended
to read as follows:
`(A) which is equipment used to produce, distribute, or use energy derived
from a geothermal deposit (within the meaning of section 613(e)(2)), but
only, in the case of electricity generated by geothermal power, up to
(but not including) the electrical transmission stage,'.
(2) Subparagraph (B) of section 168(e)(3) of such Code is amended--
(i) by striking `section 48(a)(3)' and inserting `section 199(d)(1)',
and
(ii) by striking `clause (i)' and inserting `such subparagraph (A)',
and
(B) in the last sentence, by striking `section 48(a)(3)' and inserting
`section 199(c)(3)'.
(3) Section 1016(a) of such Code, as amended by section 102, is amended
by striking `and' at the end of paragraph (29), by striking the period at
the end of paragraph (30) and inserting `, and', and by inserting the following
new paragraph:
`(31) for amounts allowed as a deduction under section 199(a).'.
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENT- The table of sections for part VI of subchapter B
of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at
the end the following new item:
`Sec. 199. Energy property deduction.'.
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- There are authorized to be appropriated
to the Department of Energy out of amounts not already appropriated such sums
as necessary to carry out this section.
(e) EFFECTIVE DATE- The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable
years beginning after December 31, 2003.
SEC. 104. CREDIT FOR CERTAIN NONBUSINESS ENERGY PROPERTY.
(a) IN GENERAL- Subpart A of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to nonrefundable personal credits) is amended
by inserting after section 25B the following new section:
`SEC. 25C. NONBUSINESS ENERGY PROPERTY.
`(a) ALLOWANCE OF CREDIT-
`(1) IN GENERAL- In the case of an individual, there shall be allowed as
a credit against the tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year an
amount equal to the sum of--
`(A) the amount determined under subsection (b) for each qualified energy
property of the taxpayer placed in service during such taxable year, and
`(B) so much of the credit amount specified in paragraph (2) which does
not exceed the expenditures made by the taxpayer in connection with the
construction, reconstruction, erection, or rehabilitation of a dwelling
unit of the taxpayer which results in the unit being a highly energy-efficient
principal residence.
For purposes of subparagraph (B), the expenditures may include labor costs
properly allocable to the onsite preparation, assembly, or original installation
of such property.
`(2) CREDIT AMOUNT- The credit amount with respect to a highly energy-efficient
principal residence is--
`(A) $2,000 in the case of a percentage reduction of 50 percent as determined
under subsection (c)(6)(A)(iii), and
`(B) $4,000 times the percentage reduction in the case of a percentage
reduction of less than 50 percent as determined under subsection (c)(6)(A)(iii).
`(b) AMOUNT FOR QUALIFIED ENERGY PROPERTY-
`(1) RESIDENTIAL ENERGY PROPERTY EXPENDITURES- Except as provided in paragraph
(2), the amount determined under this subsection for the taxable year for
each item of qualified energy property shall equal the amount of residential
energy property expenditures made by the taxpayer with respect to such property
during such taxable year.
`(2) SOLAR HOT WATER PROPERTY; PHOTOVOLTAIC PROPERTY-
`(A) IN GENERAL- In the case of solar hot water property and photovoltaic
property, the amount determined under this subsection for the taxable
year shall equal the amount specified for such property in the following
table:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Description of property: Allowable amount is:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Elected solar hot water property 35› per each kwh/year of savings.
Photovoltaic property $1.50 per peak watt.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
`(B) ELECTED SOLAR HOT WATER PROPERTY- In the case of elected solar hot
water property (as defined in section 199(d)(1)(B)), the taxpayer may
elect to substitute `$7 per annual Therm of natural gas savings' for `35›
per each kwh/year of savings' in the table contained in subparagraph (A).
`(3) MAXIMUM AMOUNT- In the case of property described in the following
table, the amount of expenditures taken into account under paragraph (1)
and the amount determined under paragraph (2) for the taxable year for each
item of qualified energy property with respect to a dwelling unit shall
not exceed the amount specified for such property in such table:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`Description of property item: Maximum allowable credit amount is:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tier 2 energy-efficient building property $300.
Advanced main air circulating fan or a Tier 1 natural gas, propane, or oil water heater $50.
Tier 1 energy-efficient building property (other than an advanced main air circulating fan or a natural gas, propane, or oil water heater) $150.
Solar hot water property $1,000.
Photovoltaic property $6,000.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`(c) DEFINITIONS AND SPECIAL RULES- For purposes of this section--
`(1) RESIDENTIAL ENERGY PROPERTY EXPENDITURES- The term `residential energy
property expenditures' means expenditures made by the taxpayer for qualified
energy property installed on or in connection with a dwelling unit which--
`(A) is located in the United States, and
`(B) is used as a principal residence.
Such term includes expenditures for labor costs properly allocable to the
onsite preparation, assembly, or original installation of the property.
`(2) QUALIFIED ENERGY PROPERTY-
`(A) IN GENERAL- The term `qualified energy property' means--
`(i) energy-efficient building property,
`(ii) solar hot water property, and
`(iii) photovoltaic property.
`(B) SWIMMING POOL, ETC., USED AS STORAGE MEDIUM; SOLAR PANELS- For purposes
of this paragraph, the provisions of subparagraphs (D) and (E) section
199(d)(1) shall apply.
`(C) REQUIRED STANDARDS- Property described under subparagraph (A) shall
meet the performance and quality standards and certification standards
of paragraphs (1)(D) and (2) of section 199(c).
`(3) ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING PROPERTY- The term `energy-efficient building
property' has the same meaning given the terms `Tier 2 energy-efficient
property', `Tier 1 energy-efficient property', and `advanced main air circulating
fan' in paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of section 199(d), respectively.
`(4) SOLAR HOT WATER PROPERTY- The term `solar hot water property' means
property which, when installed in connection with a structure, uses solar
energy for the purpose of providing hot water for use within such structure
and the performance of which is determined in accordance with section 199(c)(2)(A).
`(5) PHOTOVOLTAIC PROPERTY- The term `photovoltaic property' has the same
meaning given such term in section 199(d)(1)(C).
`(6) HIGHLY ENERGY-EFFICIENT PRINCIPAL RESIDENCE-
`(A) IN GENERAL- Property is a highly energy-efficient principal residence
if--
`(i) such property is located in the United States,
`(ii) the property is used as a principal residence, and
`(iii) the projected heating and cooling energy usage of such property,
measured in terms of average annual energy cost to taxpayer, is reduced
by a percentage certified according to subparagraph (C) in comparison
to the energy cost of such property if expenditures made by the taxpayer
with respect to energy efficient improvements to such property were
not made.
`(B) PRINCIPAL RESIDENCE-
`(i) IN GENERAL- The term `principal residence' has the same meaning
as when used in section 121, except that--
`(I) no ownership requirement shall be imposed, and
`(II) the period for which a building is treated as used as a principal
residence shall also include the 60-day period ending on the 1st day
on which it would (but for this subparagraph) first be treated as
used as a principal residence.
`(ii) MANUFACTURED HOUSING- The term `residence' shall include a dwelling
unit which is a manufactured home conforming to Federal Manufactured
Home Construction and Safety Standards (24 C.F.R. 3280).
`(C) CERTIFICATION PROCEDURES-
`(i) IN GENERAL- For purposes of subparagraph (A)(iii), energy usage
shall be demonstrated by performance-based compliance.
`(ii) PERFORMANCE-BASED COMPLIANCE- Performance-based compliance shall
be demonstrated if the percent energy cost savings for heating and cooling
is met with respect to a dwelling unit when compared to the original
condition of the dwelling unit.
`(iii) COMPUTER SOFTWARE- Computer software shall be used in support
of performance-based compliance under clause (ii) and such software
shall meet all of the procedures and methods for calculating energy
savings reductions which are promulgated by the Secretary of Energy.
Such regulations on the specifications for software and verification
protocols shall be based on the 2005 California Residential Alternative
Calculation Method Approval Manual.
`(iv) CALCULATION REQUIREMENTS- In calculating tradeoffs and energy
performance, the regulations shall prescribe the costs per unit of energy
and power, such as kilowatt hour, kilowatt, gallon of fuel oil, and
cubic foot or Btu of natural gas, which may be dependent on time of
usage. If a State has developed annual energy usage and cost reduction
procedures based on time of usage costs for use in the performance standards
of the State's building energy code before the effective date of this
section, the State may use those annual energy usage and cost reduction
procedures in lieu of those adopted by the Secretary.
`(v) APPROVAL OF SOFTWARE SUBMISSIONS- The Secretary shall approve software
submissions which comply with the calculation requirements of clause
(iii).
`(vi) PROCEDURES FOR INSPECTION AND TESTING OF DWELLING UNITS- The Secretary
shall ensure that procedures for the inspection and testing for compliance
comply with the calculation requirements under clause (iii) and subsection
(d)(2).
`(d) SPECIAL RULES- For purposes of this section--
`(1) DETERMINATIONS OF COMPLIANCE- A determination of compliance made for
the purposes of this section shall be filed with the Secretary within 1
year of the date of such determination and shall include the TIN of the
certifier, the address of the building in compliance, and the identity of
the person for whom such determination was performed. Determinations of
compliance filed with the Secretary shall be available for inspection by
the Secretary of Energy.
`(A) IN GENERAL- The Secretary, after consultation with the Secretary
of Energy shall
establish requirements for certification and compliance procedures after
examining the requirements for energy consultants and home energy ratings
providers specified by the Mortgage Industry National Home Energy Rating Standards.
`(B) INDIVIDUALS QUALIFIED TO DETERMINE COMPLIANCE- The determination
of compliance may be provided by a local building regulatory authority,
a utility, a manufactured home production inspection primary inspection
agency (IPIA), or an accredited home energy rating system provider. All
providers shall be accredited, or otherwise authorized to use approved
energy performance measurement methods, by the Residential Energy Services
Network (RESNET).
`(3) DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN CASE OF JOINT OCCUPANCY- In the case of any dwelling
unit which if jointly occupied and used during any calendar year as a principal
residence by 2 or more individuals the following rules shall apply:
`(A) The amount of the credit allowable under subsection (a) by reason
of expenditures made during such calendar year by any of such individuals
with respect to such dwelling unit shall be determined by treating all
of such individuals as 1 taxpayer whose taxable year is such calendar
year.
`(B) There shall be allowable with respect to such expenditures to each
of such individuals, a credit under subsection (a) for the taxable year
in which such calendar year ends in an amount which bears the same ratio
to the amount determined under subparagraph (A) as the amount of such
expenditures made by such individual during such calendar year bears to
the aggregate of such expenditures made by all of such individuals during
such calendar year.
`(4) TENANT-STOCKHOLDER IN COOPERATIVE HOUSING CORPORATION- In the case
of an individual who is a tenant-stockholder (as defined in section 216)
in a cooperative housing corporation (as defined in such section), such
individual shall be treated as having made his tenant-stockholder's proportionate
share (as defined in section 216(b)(3)) of any expenditures of such corporation
and such credit shall be allocated pro rata to such individual.
`(A) IN GENERAL- In the case of an individual who is a member of a condominium
management association with respect to a condominium which he owns, such
individual shall be treated as having made his proportionate share of
any expenditures of such association and any credit shall be allocated
appropriately.
`(B) CONDOMINIUM MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION- For purposes of this paragraph,
the term `condominium management association' means an organization which
meets the requirements of paragraph (1) of section 528(c) (other than
subparagraph (E) thereof) with respect to a condominium project substantially
all of the units of which are used as principal residences.
`(6) JOINT OWNERSHIP OF ENERGY ITEMS-
`(A) IN GENERAL- Any expenditure otherwise qualifying as an expenditure
under this section shall not be treated as failing to so qualify merely
because such expenditure was made with respect to 2 or more dwelling units.
`(B) LIMITS APPLIED SEPARATELY- In the case of any expenditure described
in subparagraph (A), the amount of the credit allowable under subsection
(a) shall (subject to paragraph (1)) be computed separately with respect
to the amount of the expenditure made for each dwelling unit.
`(7) ALLOCATION IN CERTAIN CASES- If less than 80 percent of the use of
an item is for nonbusiness purposes, only that portion of the expenditures
for such item which is properly allocable to use for nonbusiness purposes
shall be taken into account.
`(8) COORDINATION WITH OTHER CREDITS- Property which would, but for this
paragraph, be eligible for credit under more than one provision of this
section shall be eligible only under one such provision, the provision specified
by the taxpayer.
`(9) YEAR CREDIT ALLOWED- The credit under subsection (a)(2) shall be allowed
in the taxable year in which the percentage reduction with respect to the
principal residence is certified.
`(10) WHEN EXPENDITURE MADE; AMOUNT OF EXPENDITURE-
`(A) IN GENERAL- Except as provided in subparagraph (B), an expenditure
with respect to an item shall be treated as made when the original installation
of the item is completed.
`(B) EXPENDITURES PART OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION- In the case of an expenditure
in connection with the construction of a structure, such expenditure shall
be treated as made when the original use of the constructed structure
by the taxpayer begins.
`(11) PROPERTY FINANCED BY SUBSIDIZED ENERGY FINANCING-
`(A) REDUCTION OF EXPENDITURES-
`(i) IN GENERAL- Except as provided in subparagraph (C), for purposes
of determining the amount of expenditures made by any individual with
respect to any dwelling unit, there shall not be taken into account
expenditures which are made from subsidized energy financing.
`(ii) SUBSIDIZED ENERGY FINANCING- For purposes of clause (i), the term
`subsidized energy financing' has the same meaning given such term in
section 48(a)(4)(C).
`(B) DOLLAR LIMITS REDUCED- The dollar amounts in the table contained
in subsection (b)(3) with respect to each property purchased for such
dwelling unit for any taxable year of such taxpayer shall be reduced proportionately
by an amount equal to the sum of--
`(i) the amount of the expenditures made by the taxpayer during such
taxable year with respect to such dwelling unit and not taken into account
by reason of subparagraph (A), and
`(ii) the amount of any Federal, State, or local grant received by the
taxpayer during such taxable year which is used to make residential
energy property expenditures with respect to the dwelling unit and is
not included in the gross income of such taxpayer.
`(C) EXCEPTION FOR STATE PROGRAMS- Subparagraphs (A) and (B) shall not
apply to expenditures made with respect to property for which the taxpayer
has received a loan, State tax credit, or grant under any State energy
program.
`(e) BASIS ADJUSTMENTS- For purposes of this subtitle, if a credit is allowed
under this section for any expenditure with respect to any property, the increase
in the basis of such property which would (but for this subsection) result
from such expenditure shall be reduced by the amount of the credit so allowed.
`(f) REGULATIONS- The Secretary shall promulgate such regulations as necessary
to take into account new technologies regarding energy efficiency and renewable
energy for purposes of determining energy efficiency and savings under this
section.
`(g) TERMINATION- This section shall not apply with respect to any energy
property placed in service after December 31, 2008 (December 31, 2005, in
the case of Tier 1 energy-efficient building property).'.
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS-
(1) Subsection (a) of section 1016 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986
as amended by section 103, is amended by striking `and' at the end of paragraph
(30), by striking the period at the end of paragraph (31) and inserting
`, and', and by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
`(32) to the extent provided in section 25C(e), in the case of amounts with
respect to which a credit has been allowed under section 25C.'.
(2) The table of sections for subpart A of part IV of subchapter A of chapter
1 of such Code is amended by inserting after the item relating to section
25B the following new item:
`Sec. 25C. Nonbusiness energy property.'.
(1) IN GENERAL- Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made
by this section shall apply to expenditures made after December 31, 2003.
(2) ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING PROPERTY USED IN A PRINCIPAL RESIDENCE- In
the case of energy efficient building property, as defined in section 25B(c)
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as added by subsection (a), the amendments
made by this section shall apply to expenditures made after March 31, 2003.
SEC. 105. ENERGY CREDIT FOR COMBINED HEAT AND POWER SYSTEM PROPERTY.
(a) IN GENERAL- Section 48(a)(3)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (defining
energy property) is amended by striking `or' at the end of clause (i), by
adding `or' at the end of clause (ii), and by inserting after clause (ii)
the following new clause:
`(iii) combined heat and power system property,'.
(b) COMBINED HEAT AND POWER SYSTEM PROPERTY- Section 48 of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986 (relating to energy credit; reforestation credit) is amended
by adding at the end the following new subsection:
`(c) COMBINED HEAT AND POWER SYSTEM PROPERTY- For purposes of subsection (a)(3)(A)(iii)--
`(1) COMBINED HEAT AND POWER SYSTEM PROPERTY- The term `combined heat and
power system property' means property comprising a system--
`(A) which uses the same energy source for the simultaneous or sequential
generation of electrical power, mechanical shaft power, or both, in combination
with the generation of steam or other forms of useful thermal energy (including
heating and cooling applications),
`(B) which has an electrical capacity of not more than 15 megawatts or
a mechanical energy capacity of not more than 2,000 horsepower or an equivalent
combination of electrical and mechanical energy capacities,
`(i) at least 20 percent of its total useful energy in the form of thermal
energy which is not used to produce electrical or mechanical power (or
combination thereof), and
`(ii) at least 20 percent of its total useful energy in the form of
electrical or mechanical power (or combination thereof),
`(D) the energy efficiency percentage of which exceeds 60 percent, and
`(E) which is placed in service before January 1, 2007.
`(A) ENERGY EFFICIENCY PERCENTAGE- For purposes of this subsection, the
energy efficiency percentage of a system is the fraction--
`(i) the numerator of which is the total useful electrical, thermal,
and mechanical power produced by the system at normal operating rates,
and expected to be consumed in its normal application, and
`(ii) the denominator of which is the lower heating value of the fuel
sources for the system.
`(B) DETERMINATIONS MADE ON BTU BASIS- The energy efficiency percentage
and the percentages under paragraph (1)(C) shall be determined on a Btu
basis.
`(C) INPUT AND OUTPUT PROPERTY NOT INCLUDED- The term `combined heat and
power system property' does not include property used to transport the
energy source to the facility or to distribute energy produced by the
facility.
`(D) PUBLIC UTILITY PROPERTY-
`(i) ACCOUNTING RULE FOR PUBLIC UTILITY PROPERTY- If the combined heat
and power system property is public utility property (as defined in
section 168(i)(10)), the taxpayer may only claim the credit under subsection
(a) if, with respect to such property, the taxpayer uses a normalization
method of accounting.
`(ii) CERTAIN EXCEPTION NOT TO APPLY- The matter in subsection (a)(3)
which follows subparagraph (D) thereof shall not apply to combined heat
and power system property.
`(3) SYSTEMS USING BAGASSE- If a system is designed to use bagasse for at
least 90 percent of the energy source--
`(A) paragraph (1)(D) shall not apply, but
`(B) the amount of credit determined under subsection (a) with respect
to such system shall not exceed the amount which bears the same ratio
to such amount of credit (determined without regard to this paragraph)
as the energy efficiency percentage of such system bears to 60 percent.'.
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE- The amendments made by this subsection shall apply to
periods after December 31, 2003, in taxable years ending after such date,
under rules similar to the rules of section 48(m) of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986 (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of
the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990).
SEC. 106. CREDIT FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT APPLIANCES.
(a) IN GENERAL- Subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to business-related credits), as amended by
section 102, is amended by adding at the end the following new section:
`SEC. 45H. ENERGY EFFICIENT APPLIANCE CREDIT.
`(a) ALLOWANCE OF CREDIT- For purposes of section 38, the energy efficient
appliance credit determined under this section for the taxable year is an
amount equal to the sum of--
`(1) the tier I appliance amount, and
`(2) the tier II appliance amount,
with respect to qualified energy efficient appliances produced by the taxpayer
during the calendar year ending with or within the taxable year.
`(b) APPLIANCE AMOUNTS- For purposes of subsection (a)--
`(1) TIER I APPLIANCE AMOUNT- The tier I appliance amount is equal to--
`(B) an amount (rounded to the nearest whole number) equal to the applicable
percentage of the eligible production.
`(2) TIER II APPLIANCE AMOUNT- The tier II appliance amount is equal to
$150, multiplied by an amount equal to the eligible production reduced by
the amount determined under paragraph (1)(B).
`(3) APPLICABLE PERCENTAGE- The applicable percentage is the percentage
determined by dividing the tier I appliances produced by the taxpayer during
the calendar year by the sum of the tier I and tier II appliances so produced.
`(4) ELIGIBLE PRODUCTION- The eligible production of qualified energy efficient
appliances by the taxpayer for any calendar year is the excess of--
`(A) the number of such appliances which are produced by the taxpayer
during such calendar year, over
`(B) 110 percent of the average annual number of such appliances which
were produced by the taxpayer (or any predecessor) during the preceding
3-calendar year period.
`(c) QUALIFIED ENERGY EFFICIENT APPLIANCE- For purposes of this section--
`(1) IN GENERAL- The term `qualified energy efficient appliance' means any
tier I appliance or tier II appliance which is produced in the United States.
`(2) TIER I APPLIANCE- The term `tier I appliance' means--
`(A) a clothes washer which is produced with at least a 1.50 MEF, and
`(B) a refrigerator which consumes at least 15 percent (20 percent in
the case of a refrigerator produced after 2006) less kilowatt hours per
year than the energy conservation standards for refrigerators promulgated
by the Department of Energy and effective on July 1, 2001.
`(3) TIER II APPLIANCE- The term `tier II appliance' means a refrigerator
produced before 2007 which consumes at least 20 percent less kilowatt hours
per year than the energy conservation standards described in paragraph (2)(B).
`(4) CLOTHES WASHER- The term `clothes washer' means a residential clothes
washer, including a residential style coin operated washer.
`(5) REFRIGERATOR- The term `refrigerator' means an automatic defrost refrigerator-freezer
which has an internal volume of at least 16.5 cubic feet.
`(6) MEF- The term `MEF' means Modified Energy Factor (as determined by
the Secretary of Energy).
`(7) PRODUCED- The term `produced' includes manufactured.
`(d) LIMITATION ON MAXIMUM CREDIT-
`(1) IN GENERAL- The amount of credit allowed under subsection (a) with
respect to a taxpayer for any taxable year shall not exceed $60,000,000,
reduced by the amount of the credit allowed under subsection (a) to the
taxpayer (or any predecessor) for any prior taxable year.
`(2) LIMITATION BASED ON GROSS RECEIPTS- The credit allowed under subsection
(a) with respect to a taxpayer for the taxable year shall not exceed an
amount equal to 2 percent of the average annual gross receipts of the taxpayer
for the 3 taxable years preceding the taxable year for which the credit
is determined.
`(3) GROSS RECEIPTS- For purposes of this subsection, the rules of paragraphs
(2) and (3) of section 448(c) shall apply.
`(e) SPECIAL RULES- For purposes of this section--
`(1) IN GENERAL- Rules similar to the rules of subsections (c), (d), and
(e) of section 52 shall apply.
`(A) IN GENERAL- All persons treated as a single employer under subsection
(a) or (b) of section 52 or subsection (m) or (o) of section 414 shall
be treated as a single manufacturer.
`(B) INCLUSION OF FOREIGN CORPORATIONS- For purposes of subparagraph (A),
in applying subsections (a) and (b) of section 52 to this section, section
1563 shall be applied without regard to subsection (b)(2)(C) thereof.
`(f) VERIFICATION- The taxpayer shall submit such information or certification
as the Secretary, after consultation with the Secretary of Energy, determines
necessary to claim the credit amount under subsection (a).
`(g) TERMINATION- This section shall not apply with respect to appliances
produced after December 31, 2007.'.
(b) CREDIT MADE PART OF GENERAL BUSINESS CREDIT- Section 38(b) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to current year business credit), as amended
by section 102, is amended by striking `plus' at the end of paragraph (15),
by striking the period at the end of paragraph (16) and inserting `, plus',
and by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
`(17) the energy efficient appliance credit determined under section 45H(a).'.
(c) LIMITATION ON CARRYBACK- Section 39(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986 (relating to transition rules), as amended by section 102, is amended
by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
`(12) NO CARRYBACK OF ENERGY EFFICIENT APPLIANCE CREDIT BEFORE EFFECTIVE
DATE- No portion of the unused business credit for any taxable year which
is attributable to the energy efficient appliance credit determined under
section 45H(a) may be carried to a taxable year ending before January 1,
2004.'.
(d) CLERICAL AMENDMENT- The table of sections for subpart D of part IV of
subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
by section 102, is amended by adding at the end the following new item:
`Sec. 45H. Energy efficient appliance credit.'.
(e) EFFECTIVE DATE- The amendments made by this section shall apply to appliances
produced after December 31, 2003, in taxable years ending after such date.
TITLE II--ENERGY EFFICIENT PRODUCTS
SEC. 201. ENERGY CONSERVATION STANDARDS FOR ADDITIONAL PRODUCTS.
(a) DEFINITIONS- Section 321 of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42
U.S.C. 6291) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (30)(S), by striking the period and adding at the end the
following: `but does not include any lamp specifically designed to be used
for special purpose applications and that is unlikely to be used in general
purpose applications such as those described in subparagraph (D), and also
does not include any lamp not described in subparagraph (D) that is excluded
by the Secretary, by rule, because the lamp is designed for special applications
and is unlikely to be used in general purpose applications.'; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
`(32) The term `battery charger' means a device that charges batteries for
consumer products and includes battery chargers embedded in other consumer
products.
`(33) The term `ceiling fan' means a nonportable device that is suspended
from a ceiling for circulating air through the rotation of fan blades.
`(34) The term `ceiling fan light kit' means equipment designed to provide
light from a ceiling fan that can be--
`(A) integral, such that the equipment is attached to the ceiling fan
prior to the time of retail sale; or
`(B) attachable, such that at the time of retail sale the equipment is
not physically attached to the ceiling fan, but may be included inside
the ceiling fan package at the time of sale or sold separately for subsequent
attachment to the fan.
`(35) The term `commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers'
means refrigerators, freezers, or refrigerator-freezers that--
`(A) are not consumer products regulated under this Act; and
`(B) incorporate most components involved in the vapor-compression cycle
and the refrigerated compartment in a single package.
`(36) The term `external power supply' means an external power supply circuit
that is used to convert household electric current into either DC current
or lower-voltage AC current to operate a consumer product.
`(37) The term `illuminated exit sign' means a sign that--
`(A) is designed to be permanently fixed in place to identify an exit;
and
`(B) consists of an electrically powered integral light source that illuminates
the legend `EXIT' and any directional indicators and provides contrast
between the legend, any directional indicators, and the background.
`(38)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term `distribution
transformer' means a transformer that--
`(i) has an input voltage of 34.5 kilovolts or less;
`(ii) has an output voltage of 600 volts or less; and
`(iii) is rated for operation at a frequency of 60 Hertz.
`(B) The term `distribution transformer' does not include--
`(i) transformers with multiple voltage taps, with the highest voltage
tap equaling at least 20 percent more than the lowest voltage tap;
`(ii) transformers, such as those commonly known as drive transformers,
rectifier transformers, auto-transformers, Uninterruptible Power System
transformers, impedance transformers, harmonic transformers, regulating
transformers, sealed and nonventilating transformers, machine tool transformers,
welding transformers, grounding transformers, or testing transformers,
that are designed to be used in a special purpose application and are
unlikely to be used in general purpose applications; or
`(iii) any transformer not listed in clause (ii) that is excluded by the
Secretary by rule because--
`(I) the transformer is designed for a special application;
`(II) the transformer is unlikely to be used in general purpose applications;
and
`(III) the application of standards to the transformer would not result
in significant energy savings.
`(39) The term `low-voltage dry-type distribution transformer' means a distribution
transformer that--
`(A) has an input voltage of 600 volts or less;
`(C) does not use oil as a coolant.
`(40) The term `standby mode' means the lowest power consumption mode that--
`(A) cannot be switched off or influenced by the user; and
`(B) may persist for an indefinite time when an appliance is connected
to the main electricity supply and used in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions,
as defined on an individual product basis by the Secretary.
`(41) The term `torchiere' means a portable electric lamp with a reflector
bowl that directs light upward so as to give indirect illumination.
`(42) The term `traffic signal module' means a standard 8-inch (200mm) or
12-inch (300mm) traffic signal indication, consisting of a light source,
a lens, and all other parts necessary for operation, that communicates movement
messages to drivers through red, amber, and green colors.
`(43) The term `transformer' means a device consisting of 2 or more coils
of insulated wire that transfers alternating current by electromagnetic
induction from 1 coil to another to change the original voltage or current
value.
`(44) The term `unit heater' means a self-contained fan-type heater designed
to be installed within the heated space, except that such term does not
include a warm air furnace.'.
(b) TEST PROCEDURES- Section 323 of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act
(42 U.S.C. 6293) is amended--
(1) in subsection (b), by adding at the end the following:
`(9) Test procedures for illuminated exit signs shall be based on the test
method used under Version 2.0 of the Energy Star program of the Environmental
Protection Agency for illuminated exit signs.
`(10) Test procedures for distribution transformers and low voltage dry-type
distribution transformers shall be based on the `Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Energy Consumption of Distribution Transformers' prescribed
by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA TP 2-1998). The
Secretary may review and revise this test procedure. For purposes of section
346(a), this test procedure shall be deemed to be testing requirements prescribed
by the Secretary under section 346(a)(1) for distribution transformers for
which the Secretary makes a determination that energy conservation standards
would be technologically feasible and economically justified, and would
result in significant energy savings.
`(11) Test procedures for traffic signal modules shall be based on the test
method used under the Energy Star program of the Environmental Protection
Agency for traffic signal modules, as in effect on the date of enactment
of this paragraph.
`(12) Test procedures for medium base compact fluorescent lamps shall be
based on the test methods used under the October 30, 2003, version of the
Energy Star program of the Environmental Protection Agency and Department
of Energy for compact fluorescent lamps. Covered products shall meet all
test requirements for regulated parameters in section 325(bb). However,
covered products may be marketed prior to completion of lamp life and lumen
maintenance at 40 percent of rated life testing provided manufacturers document
engineering predictions and analysis that support expected attainment of
lumen maintenance at 40 percent rated life and lamp life time.
`(13) Air movement test procedures for ceiling fans shall be based on the
test procedure contained in the Energy Star Program Requirements for Residential
Ceiling Fans (Version 2.0) developed by the Environmental Protection Agency,
unless pursuant to this section, the Secretary promulgates regulations establishing
an alternative test procedure.'; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
`(f) ADDITIONAL CONSUMER AND COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS-
`(1) IN GENERAL- Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this
subsection, the Secretary shall prescribe testing requirements for refrigerated
bottled or canned beverage vending machines, and commercial refrigerators,
freezers, and refrigerator-freezers.
`(2) BASIS- The testing requirements shall be based on existing test procedures
used in industry, to the extent practicable.'.
(c) NEW STANDARDS- Section 325 of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42
U.S.C. 6295) is amended by adding at the end the following:
`(u) BATTERY CHARGER AND EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY ELECTRIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION-
`(1) INITIAL RULEMAKING- (A) The Secretary shall, within 18 months after
the date of enactment of this subsection, prescribe by notice and comment,
definitions and test procedures for the power use of battery chargers and
external power supplies. In establishing these test procedures, the Secretary
shall consider, among other factors, existing definitions and test procedures
used for measuring energy consumption in standby mode and other modes and
assess the current and projected future market for battery chargers and
external power supplies. This assessment shall include estimates of the
significance of potential energy savings from technical improvements to
these products and suggested product classes for standards. Prior to the
end of this time period, the Secretary shall hold a scoping workshop to
discuss and receive comments on plans for developing energy conservation
standards for energy use for these products.
`(B) The Secretary shall, within 3 years after the date of enactment of
this subsection, issue a final rule that determines whether energy conservation
standards shall be issued for battery chargers and external power supplies
or classes thereof. For each product class, any such standards shall be
set at the lowest level of energy use that--
`(i) meets the criteria and procedures of subsections (o), (p), (q), (r),
(s), and (t); and
`(ii) will result in significant overall annual energy savings, considering
both standby mode and other operating modes.
`(2) REVIEW OF STANDBY ENERGY USE IN COVERED PRODUCTS- In determining pursuant
to section 323 whether test procedures and energy conservation standards
pursuant to this section should be revised, the Secretary shall consider,
for covered products that are major sources of standby mode energy consumption,
whether to incorporate standby mode into such test procedures and energy
conservation standards, taking into account, among other relevant factors,
standby mode power consumption compared to overall product energy consumption.
`(3) RULEMAKING- The Secretary shall not propose a standard under this section
unless the Secretary has issued applicable test procedures for each product
pursuant to section 323.
`(4) EFFECTIVE DATE- Any standard issued under this subsection shall be
applicable to products manufactured or imported 3 years after the date of
issuance.
`(5) VOLUNTARY PROGRAMS- The Secretary and the Administrator shall collaborate
and develop programs, including programs pursuant to section 324A (relating
to Energy Star Programs) and other voluntary industry agreements or codes
of conduct, that are designed to reduce standby mode energy use.
`(v) VENDING MACHINES, AND COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATORS, FREEZERS, AND REFRIGERATOR-FREEZERS-
`(1) IN GENERAL- Not later than 3 years after the date on which testing
requirements are prescribed by the Secretary pursuant to section 323(f),
the Secretary shall prescribe, by rule, energy conservation standards for
refrigerated bottled or
canned beverage vending machines, and commercial refrigerators, freezers,
and refrigerator-freezers.
`(2) CRITERIA AND PROCEDURES- In establishing standards under this subsection,
the Secretary shall use the criteria and procedures contained in subsections
(o) and (p).
`(3) APPLICABILITY- Any standard prescribed under this subsection shall
apply to products manufactured 3 years after the date of publication of
a final rule establishing the standard.
`(w) ILLUMINATED EXIT SIGNS- Illuminated exit signs manufactured on or after
January 1, 2005, shall meet the Version 2.0 Energy Star Program performance
requirements for illuminated exit signs prescribed by the Environmental Protection
Agency.
`(x) TORCHIERES- Torchieres manufactured on or after January 1, 2005--
`(1) shall consume not more than 190 watts of power; and
`(2) shall not be capable of operating with lamps that total more than 190
watts.
`(y) LOW VOLTAGE DRY-TYPE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS- The efficiency of low
voltage dry-type distribution transformers manufactured on or after January
1, 2005, shall be the Class I Efficiency Levels for distribution transformers
specified in Table 4-2 of the `Guide for Determining Energy Efficiency for
Distribution Transformers' published by the National Electrical Manufacturers
Association (NEMA TP-1-2002).
`(z) TRAFFIC SIGNAL MODULES- Traffic signal modules manufactured on or after
January 1, 2006, shall meet the performance requirements used under the Energy
Star program of the Environmental Protection Agency for traffic signals, as
in effect on the date of enactment of this subsection, and shall be installed
with compatible, electrically connected signal control interface devices and
conflict monitoring systems.
`(aa) UNIT HEATERS- Unit heaters manufactured on or after the date that is
3 years after the date of enactment of this subsection shall be equipped with
an intermittent ignition device and shall have either power venting or an
automatic flue damper.
`(bb) MEDIUM BASE COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS- Bare lamp and covered lamp (no
reflector) medium base compact fluorescent lamps manufactured on or after
January 1, 2005, shall meet the following requirements prescribed by the August
9, 2001, ve
