110th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. R. 55
To establish the District Court of the Virgin Islands as a court
under article III of the United States Constitution.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
January 4, 2007
Mrs. CHRISTENSEN introduced the following bill; which was referred to
the Committee on the Judiciary
A BILL
To establish the District Court of the Virgin Islands as a court
under article III of the United States Constitution.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the `Judicial District of the Virgin Islands
Act of 2007'.
SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT OF DISTRICT COURT OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS AS AN
ARTICLE III COURT.
(1) IN GENERAL- Chapter 5 of title 28, United States Code, is amended
by inserting after section 126 the following new section:
`Sec. 126A. Virgin Islands
`The Virgin Islands constitutes one judicial district comprising two divisions.
`(1) The Saint Croix Division comprises the Island of Saint Croix and
adjacent islands and cays.
`Court for the Saint Croix Division shall be held at Christiansted.
`(2) The Saint Thomas and Saint John Division comprises the Islands
of Saint Thomas and Saint John and adjacent islands and cays.
`Court for the Saint Thomas and Saint John Division shall be held at
Charlotte-Amalie.'.
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT- The table of contents for chapter 5 of title
28, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating
to section 126 the following:
(3) NUMBER OF JUDGES- The table contained in section 133(a) of title
28, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating
to Vermont the following:
`Virgin Islands
--2'.
(b) Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands-
(1) REPEALS- Sections 25, 26, and 27 of the Revised Organic Act of the
Virgin Islands (48 U.S.C. 1615, 1616, and 1617) are repealed.
(2) BILL OF RIGHTS- Section 3 of the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin
Islands (48 U.S.C. 1561) is amended in the 23d undesignated paragraph--
(A) by inserting `article III;' after `section 9, clauses 2 and 3;';
and
(B) by striking `: Provided, however' and all that follows
through the end of the paragraph and inserting the following: `; except
that all offenses under the laws of the Virgin Islands which are prosecuted
in the courts established by local law shall continue to be prosecuted
by information, except those that are required by local law to be
prosecuted by indictment by grand jury.'.
(3) JURISDICTION OF LOCAL COURTS- Section 21 of the Revised Organic
Act of the Virgin Islands (48 U.S.C. 1611) is amended to read as follows:
`SEC. 21. JURISDICTION OF COURTS OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
`(a) Jurisdiction of the Courts of the Virgin Islands- The judicial power
of the Virgin Islands shall be vested in such appellate court and lower
local courts as may have been or may hereafter be established by local
law. The courts of the Virgin Islands established by local law shall have
jurisdiction over all causes of action in the Virgin Islands over which
any court established by the Constitution and laws of the United States
does not have exclusive jurisdiction.
`(b) Practice and Procedure- The rules governing the practice and procedure
of the courts established by local law and those prescribing the qualifications
and duties of the judges and officers thereof, oaths and bonds, and the
times and places of holding court shall be governed by local law or the
rules promulgated by those courts.'.
(4) JURISDICTION OVER CRIMINAL MATTERS AND INCOME TAX- Section 22 of
the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands (48 U.S.C. 1612) is amended
to read as follows:
`SEC. 22. JURISDICTION OVER INCOME TAX.
`The United States District Court for the District of the Virgin Islands
shall have exclusive jurisdiction over all criminal and civil proceedings
in the Virgin Islands with respect to the income tax laws applicable to
the Virgin Islands, regardless of the degree of the offense or of the
amount involved, except the ancillary laws relating to the income tax
enacted by the legislature of the Virgin Islands. Any act or failure to
act with respect to the income tax laws applicable to the Virgin Islands
which would constitute a criminal offense described in chapter 75 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall constitute an offense against the
government of the Virgin Islands and may be prosecuted in the name of
the government of the Virgin Islands by appropriate officers thereof in
the United States District Court for the District of the Virgin Islands
without the request or consent of the United States attorney for the Virgin
Islands.'.
(5) RELATIONS BETWEEN UNITED STATES COURTS AND LOCAL COURTS- Section
23 of the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands (48 U.S.C. 1613)
is amended to read as follows:
`SEC. 23. RELATIONS BETWEEN COURTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND LOCAL COURTS.
`(a) In General- The relations between the courts established by the Constitution
or laws of the United States (including the United States District Court
for the District of the Virgin Islands) and the courts established by
local law with respect to appeals, certiorari, removal of causes, the
issuance of writs of habeas corpus, and other matters or proceedings shall
be governed by the laws of the United States pertaining to the relations
between the courts of the United States, including the Supreme Court of
the United States, and the courts of the several States in such matters
and proceedings, except that for the first 15 years following the establishment
of the appellate court authorized by section 21(a) of this Act, the United
States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit shall have jurisdiction
to review by writ of certiorari all final decisions of the highest court
of the Virgin Islands from which a decision could be had.
`(b) Reports to Congress- The Judicial Council of the Third Circuit shall
submit reports to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the
Senate and the Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives
at intervals of 5 years following the establishment of the appellate court
authorized by section 21(a) of this Act as to whether that court has developed
sufficient institutional traditions to justify direct review by the Supreme
Court of the United States from all final decisions of the highest court
of the Virgin Islands.
`(c) Rules- The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit shall
have jurisdiction to promulgate rules necessary to carry out the provisions
of this section.'.
(6) APPELLATE JURISDICTION OF DISTRICT COURT- Section 23A of the Revised
Organic Act of the Virgin Islands (48 U.S.C. 1613a) is amended by striking
`District Court of the Virgin Islands' each place it appears and inserting
`United States District Court for the District of the Virgin Islands'.
(7) ASSIGNMENT OF ADDITIONAL JUDGES TO THE COURT- Section 24 of the
Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands (48 U.S.C. 1614) is amended
to read as follows:
`SEC. 24. ASSIGNMENT OF ADDITIONAL JUDGES TO THE COURT.
`Whenever it appears to be necessary for the proper dispatch of the business
of the United States District Court for the District of the Virgin Islands--
`(1) the chief judge of the Third Judicial Circuit of the United States
may assign--
`(A) a judge of a court of record of the Virgin Islands established
by local law,
`(B) a circuit or district judge of the Third Judicial Circuit, or
`(C) a recalled senior judge of the District Court of the Virgin Islands,
or
`(2) the Chief Justice of the United States may assign any other United
States circuit or district judge, with the consent of that judge and
the chief judge of the circuit from which the judge is assigned,
to serve temporarily as a judge of the United States District Court for
the District of the Virgin Islands. After the establishment of the appellate
court authorized by section 21(a) of this Act, no judge described in paragraph
(1)(A) may be assigned to the district court under this section.'.
(c) Pleadings and Proceedings in English- All pleadings and proceedings
in the United States District Court for the District of the Virgin Islands
shall be conducted in the English language.
(1) PENDING CASES- With respect to any complaint or proceeding pending
in the District Court of the Virgin Islands on the day before the effective
date of this Act, such complaint or proceeding may, on and after such
effective date, be pursued to final determination in the United States
District Court for the District of the Virgin Islands, the United States
Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, and the United States Supreme
Court.
(2) EXISTING OFFICERS OF THE COURT- Any individual who, on the effective
date of this Act, is serving as the United States Attorney for the Virgin
Islands, or the United States marshal for the Virgin Islands, may continue
in such office until a successor is appointed pursuant to the provisions
of title 28, United States Code.
SEC. 3. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.
(a) Judicial Comparisons- Section 333 of title 28, United States Code,
is amended by striking `, the District Court of the Virgin Islands,'.
(b) Retirement and Survivors' Annuities-
(1) RETIREMENT- Section 373 of title 28, United States Code, is amended
in subsections (a) and (e) by striking `, the District Court of the
Northern Mariana Islands, or the District Court of the Virgin Islands'
and inserting `or the District Court of the Northern Mariana Islands'.
(2) Survivors' ANNUITIES- Section 376(a) of title 28, United States
Code, is amended in paragraphs (1)(B) and (2)(B) by inserting `(as in
effect before the effective date of the Judicial District of the Virgin
Islands Act of 2007)' after `the District Court of the Virgin Islands'.
(3) CALCULATION OF SERVICE AS A JUDGE- In the case of a judge of a district
court retiring under section 371 of title 28, United States Code, after
the effective date of this Act, service by the judge as a judge of the
District Court of the Virgin Islands before the effective date of this
Act shall be included in calculating service under section 371(c) of
such title.
(4) RIGHTS OF EXISTING RETIREES NOT AFFECTED- Nothing in this Act shall
be construed to affect the rights of any judge who has retired as a
judge of the District Court of the Virgin Islands before the effective
date of this Act.
(c) Courts Defined- Section 610 of title 28, United States Code, is amended
by striking `the United States District Court for the District of the
Canal Zone,' and by striking `the District Court of the Virgin Islands,'.
(d) Magistrate Judges- Section 631(a) of title 28, United States Code,
is amended--
(1) in the first sentence, by striking `Virgin Islands, Guam, and' and
inserting `Guam and'; and
(2) in the second sentence, by striking `Virgin Islands, Guam, or' and
inserting `Guam or'.
(e) Investigations by Attorney General- Section 526(a)(2) of title 28,
United States Code, is amended by striking `and of the district court
of the Virgin Islands'.
(1) Section 1291 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by striking
`, the United States District Court for the District of the Canal Zone,'
and all that follows through `Virgin Islands' and inserting `and the
District Court of Guam'.
(2) Section 1292 of title 28, United States Code, is amended--
(A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking `, the United States District
Court for the District of the Canal Zone' and all that follows through
`Virgin Islands,' and inserting `and the District Court of Guam,';
and
(B) in subsection (d)(4)(A), by striking `the District Court of the
Virgin Islands,'.
(3) Section 1294 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by striking
paragraphs (2) and (3) and redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph
(2).
(g) Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit- Section 1295(a) of title
28, United States Code, is amended in paragraphs (1) and (2) by striking
`the United States District Court for the District of the Canal Zone'
and all that follows through `Virgin Islands,' and inserting `the District
Court of Guam,'.
(h) Federal Tort Claims- Section 1346(b)(1) of title 28, United States
Code, is amended by striking `, together with' and all that follows through
`Virgin Islands,'.
(i) Court Reporters- Section 753(a) of title 28, United States Code, is
amended in the first paragraph by striking `, the United States District
Court for the District of the Canal Zone' and all that follows through
`Virgin Islands' and inserting `and the District Court of Guam'.
(j) Representation of Certain Defendants- Section 3006A(j) of title 18,
United States Code, is amended by striking `the District Court of the
Virgin Islands,'.
(k) Venue- Sections 1404(d) and 1406(c) of title 28, United States Code,
are each amended by striking `, the District Court for the Northern Mariana
Islands, and the District Court of the Virgin Islands,' and inserting
`and the District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands,'.
(l) Bankruptcy Judges- The table contained in section 152 (a)(2) of title
28, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating
to Vermont the following new item:
`Virgin Islands
--2'.
(m) Other Title 18 Amendments- (1) Section 23 of title 18, United States
Code, is amended--
(A) by striking `Guam, the' and inserting `Guam and'; and
(B) by striking `, and the District Court of the Virgin Islands'.
(2) Section 6001(4) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking
`the District Court of the Virgin Islands,'.
SEC. 4. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES.
Any reference in any provision of law to the District Court of the Virgin
Islands shall, after the effective date of this Act, be deemed to be a
reference to the United States District Court for the District of the
Virgin Islands.
SEC. 5. EFFECTIVE DATE.
This Act and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect at the
end of the 90-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this
Act.
END
